Terror and Insurgency in the Sahara-Sahel Region Corruption, Contraband... (2024)

Al-Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb (AQIM): Terrorist Networks Infiltrate Northern Mali

Global Journal of Human-Social Science Research, 2014

Jihadism in Mali and the Sahel : Evolving dynamics and patterns by Luca Raineri and

2017

The Sahel is a crisis polygon. Following the French intervention in Mali in 2013, this vast and sparsely inhabited region has seen the gradual resurgence and the realignment of jihadist armed groups that have extended their operational range further south – across northwest African borders, where they interfere in and interact with already existing conflicts – and increased the challenges for regional stability.

The conflict in Mali, a new global war

West Africa stigmatizes the challenge of global securities. Whereas the region previously attempted to come out unscathed from a long-standing brutal and ruthless-ruled despot, it now faces issues which sources are from distant continent of Africa. At its heart, Mali incurs the impacts and delivers a mixture of these hindrances. The idea of intra-state conflict as occurred in the end of the Cold War is out of date and the issues ignited in Burkina Faso will echo in Libya. In a more global world, the terminology of West Africa is unappropriated and has to evolve to embrace the Maghreb. Both parts of Africa are indivisible and fit into an interconnected network. Transnational organized crime (TOC) and terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda in Maghreb (AQIM) and the Movement for the unicity and Jihad in West Africa (MUJAO) have already seized the opportunity to expand their activities beyond national borders. In addition to overlap each other, they perpetrate their actions based on the historical and cultural Trans-Saharan routes. A new form of African conflict is poised to amplify with more complex and varied symptoms. This results in an African global war without existing borders. From a global issue whose the enemy is both anywhere and everywhere, an appropriate response corresponds to a consortium of multiple actors, including states, Non-Governmental organizations and international organizations. Finally, can we talk about change as Trans-Saharan routes have existed for centuries. TOCs and jihadi groups such as MUJAO rely on networks which have defined the regional interdependence for a long time.

Mali: The Overlap and Combination of Separatist, Jihadist and Intercommunal Conflicts

The War Report. Armed Conflicts in 2018, 102-116, 2019

In 2018 Mali, supported by France, the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) and by militias of the Movement for the Salvation of Azawad (MSA) and the Imghad Tuareg Self-Defense Group and Allies (GATIA), continued to be involved in a non-international armed conflict (NIAC) on its territory against Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) and the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS). According to the War Report, intercommunal clashes between Dan Nan Ambassagou and the Alliance for the Salvation of the Sahel also reached the threshold of a NIAC during the last year. This chapter in the War Report 2018 offers a complete overview of the several conflicts afflicting Mali in recent years. The first parttraces back the root causes of the initial Tuareg rebellion in the Northern regions, to then show the jihadist takeover of the insurgency. It provides an in-depth analysis of the planning, generation and deployment of two multinational operations, one sponsored by the African Union, the other authorised by the United Nations. It sheds light on the French intervention in Mali, first as Operation Serval and then under Operation Barkhane. Finally, it accounts for the progressive return to peace in the Northern territory, while intercommunal conflicts in the Central regions rise to the level of a separate non-international armed conflict. The second part of the chapter scrutinizes the status and legal position of each party to the conflict. Key developments in 2018 are then surveyed. The last part summarises concluded and ongoing prosecutions before the International Criminal Court for crimes committed in the Malian conflicts.

Bibliography: Terrorism by Country - Mali

Perspectives on Terrorism, 2019

This bibliography contains books, edited volumes, theses, journal articles, book chapters, grey literature, bibliographies and other useful resources on terrorism affecting Mali. It covers the activities of the numerous terrorist and insurgent groups in the country and the attempts to fight these by national and international actors. Most of the included literature was published since the Malian crisis in 2012. Earlier publications analyzing political, social, economic, or religious developments, that help to understand dynamics of the present conflict, are also included. The literature has been retrieved by manually browsing more than 200 core and periphery sources in the field of terrorism studies.

The Impact of Armed Groups on the Populations of Central and Northern Mali

2019

Conflict Drivers, International Responses, and the Outlook for Peace in Mali

Insurgencies in Northern Mali: A Tentative Assessment

Jihadism in Mali and the Sahel: Evolving dynamics and patterns

EUISS Brief 21 - 2017 ‘Jihadist organisations [...] managed to co-opt local demands for protection, redistribution and moral integrity by framing the revolt against corrupt neopatrimonial regimes backed by the West as part of the struggle for the global jihad.’ NB: This is a policy brief, sorry no references were allowed by the format. Updated 10 June 2017.

Statelessness and the Crisis in Northern Mali: Looking Beyond " Islamic Extremism " as the Driver of Conflict